Since California enacted the first drug price transparency legislation in 2017, at least 30 states have followed suit, requiring some form of reporting to better understand the drivers of high prescription drug prices in order to increase affordability. These laws require a wide range of entities to report data, enabling states to “follow the money” across the drug supply chain. Reporting entities include manufacturers, health plans, and pharmacy benefit managers (PBMs) among others.
What Are We Learning?
- As consumers face an ongoing crisis in health care affordability, data reported by health plans reveal that prescription drug prices are a major driver of health insurance premium increases. Plans report prescription drug’s impact on premiums ranging from 15.1 percent in California to 23.8 percent in Utah.
- Since transparency laws began shining a spotlight on drug price increases in 2017, high price increases have moderated. Fewer price increases now reach the levels that trigger reporting. At the same time, states are seeing drug launch prices skyrocket, including the introduction of new cell and gene therapies ranging from $2.2 to $3.5 million, as reported by Oregon.
- Reports from Maine and Minnesota have pointed to instances in which plans are paying many times more than the wholesale acquisition price, or the sticker price, for generic drugs, prompting calls to better understand the drivers of generic markups and to explore policy interventions.
What’s New?
- Transparency around the federal 340B program, which allows certain providers to purchase drugs at discounted prices, is a bipartisan issue quickly gaining momentum across states. A dozen states have enacted 340B transparency laws, including Idaho and Indiana. (See NASHP’s Transparency Law Comparison Chart for more details.) A 2024 report from Minnesota showed the majority of savings enabled by low 340B prescription drug acquisition costs accrued to large hospital systems versus the safety net providers for whom the program benefits were originally intended.
- More than 20 states now require some form of reporting on rebates paid by drug manufacturers to pharmacy benefit managers (PBMs). This helps states better understand the extent of rebates in a state market and the degree to which rebates are retained by PBMs or passed onto payers. PBM transparency can also give states and other payers information on net drug prices post-rebate.
- In an increasingly consolidated health care market, some states, including Florida, are beginning to collect information on corporate ownership of drug supply chain entities, focusing particularly on PBMs’ ownership affiliations with pharmacies.
Transparency Law Comparison Chart
Updated November 2025
This NASHP chart compares enacted state drug pricing transparency laws, including tabs for each reporting entity and what they must report.
Drug Price Transparency State Resources
Updated November 2025
These state resources include enabling legislation, regulations, data sets, annual reports, and more for states requiring drug manufacturers to report on high price increases or launch prices.
California Resources
- California SB 17/Chapter 603, enacted Oct. 9, 2017
- Department of Health Care Access and Information: Prescription Drug Pricing for Purchasers – Regulations, adopted Jan. 1, 2019
- Department of Health Care Access and Information: Cost Transparency Rx website
- New Drug Launch Price Data, updated quarterly
- Prescription Drug Wholesale Acquisition Cost (WAC) Increases Data Set, updated monthly
- California Research Bureau Report: Prescription Drug Pricing and Cost Transparency in California, October 2022
- Department of Managed Health Care: Health Insurer Prescription Drug Cost Transparency Reports , annual reports include impact of Rx on premiums and lists top 25 most frequently prescribed, costliest, and highest annual cost increase drugs
Connecticut Resources
- Connecticut HB 5384/Public Act 18-41, enacted May 31, 2018
- Office of Health Strategy: Prescription Drug Cost Transparency website
- Office of Health Strategy: Top Ten Outpatient Rx Drugs with substantial costs, annual list
- Insurance Department: Outpatient Prescription Drug Costs Reports, annual reports include impact of Rx on premiums and lists top 25 most frequently prescribed, costliest, and highest annual cost increase drugs
- Insurance Department: Health Carrier Prescription Drug Rebate Practices Reports, annual reports
- Insurance Department: Pharmacy Benefit Manager Rebate Reports,annual reports
Florida Resources
- Florida SB 1550/Chapter No. 2023-29, enacted May 4, 2023
- Agency for Health Care Administration: Health Care Transparency website
Louisiana Resources
- Louisiana SB 283 / Act No. 371, enacted May 20, 2018
- Dept. of Insurance: Pharmacy Benefit Manager Annual Transparency Reporting
Maine Resources
- Maine LD 1406/Public Law Chapter 406, enacted May 1, 2018
- Maine Health Data Organization: Prescription Drug Costs and Utilization , annual reports on top 25 most frequently prescribed, costliest, and highest annual cost increase drugs
- Maine LD 1162/Public Law Chapter 470, expanded Maine’s transparency program to include reporting from health plans, manufacturers, PBMs, and wholesale distributors, enacted June 24, 2019
- Maine Health Data Organization: Chapter 570 – Uniform Reporting System for Prescription Drug Price Data Sets, effective Feb. 4, 2020
- Maine LD 686/Public Law Chapter 305, changed the structure of Maine’s transparency program, giving MHDO the authority to determine a list of drugs that require reporting, enacted June 21, 2021
- Maine Health Data Organization: Prescription Drug Pricing Transparency Report, annual reports
Minnesota Resources
- Minnesota SF 1098/Chapter 78, enacted May 12, 2020
- Minnesota HF 2128/Chapter 30, enacted May 25, 2021
- Minnesota SF 2995/Chapter 70, expanded Minnesota’s transparency program to include reporting from drug manufacturers, PBMs, wholesalers, and pharmacies on drugs of substantial public interest, enacted May 24, 2023
- Department of Health: Prescription Drug Price Transparency Website
- Department of Health: Prescription Drug Price Transparency Data and Dashboard
- Department of Health: All Payer Claims Database Prescription Drug Public Use Files, July 2025
- Department of Health: Prescription Drug Price Transparency Report to the Minnesota Legislature, annual reports
- Department of Health: Lists of Drugs of Substantial Public Interest, quarterly reports
- Department of Health: 340B Drug Pricing Program Reports, annual
- Department of Commerce: Pharmacy Benefit Manager (PBM) Transparency Reports, annual
Nevada Resources
- Nevada SB 539/Chapter 592, required the Department of Health and Human Services to develop a list of essential diabetes drugs and required certain supply chain entities to report on those drugs, enacted June 15, 2017
- Nevada SB 262/Chapter 258, expanded Nevada’s transparency program to include essential asthma drugs, enacted May 30, 2019
- Nevada SB 380/Chapter 547, expanded Nevada’s transparency program to include all prescription drugs, enacted June 10, 2021
- Department of Health and Human Services: Drug Transparency Website
- Department of Health and Human Services: Drug Transparency Reports, annual
New Hampshire Resources
- New Hampshire HB 1418/Chapter 350, enacted July 2, 2018
- New Hampshire SB 226/Chapter 320,re-established the Commission to Study Greater Transparency in Pharmaceutical Costs and Drug Rebate Programs, enacted Aug. 12, 2019
- New Hampshire HB 703/Chapter 4, requires manufacturers to provide notice to the insurance department if they are introducing a new, high-cost drug, enacted Feb. 10, 2020
- New Hampshire SB 555/Chapter 305, establishes reporting requirements for PBMs and insurers regarding rebates, enacted June 30, 2024.
- New Hampshire General Court: Commission to Study Greater Transparency in Pharmaceutical Costs and Drug Rebate Programs Final Report, Nov. 1, 2018
- New Hampshire Insurance Department: New High Cost Drugs Introduced in New Hampshire, annual updates
New Jersey Resources
- New Jersey S1615, enacted July 10, 2023
- New Jersey Division of Consumer Affairs: Drug Affordability Unit
North Dakota Resources
- North Dakota HB 1032, enacted April 28, 2021
- North Dakota HB 1584, repealed North Dakota’s drug price transparency program, effective January 1, 2026
- North Dakota Insurance Department: Prescription Drug Price Transparency Website
- North Dakota Insurance Department: Filed Disclosure Reports
New Mexico Resources
- New Mexico HB 33, enacted March 1, 2024
- New Mexico Office of Superintendent of Insurance: Prescription Drug Price Transparency Website
New York Resources
- New York A 1707, enacted February 15, 2024
- New York Department of Financial Services: Prescription Drug Prices Website
Oregon Resources
- Oregon HB 4005/Chapter 7, enacted March 12, 2018
- Oregon HB 2658/Chapter 436, expanded Oregon’s transparency program, requiring manufacturers report high drug price increases at least 60 days in advance, enacted June 20, 2019
- Oregon SB 192 expands which insurers must report prescription drug information to the transparency program, enacted 2023
- Department of Consumer and Business Services: Prescription Drug Price Transparency Results and Recommendations, annual report
Texas Resources
- Texas HB 2536, enacted June 14, 2019
- Department of Health and Human Services: Drug Transparency Website
- Price Increase & WAC Price Reports, annual reports
Utah Resources
- Utah HB 272, enacted March 28, 2020
- Insurance Department: Prescription Drug Price Transparency Act website
- Insurance Department: Drug Transparency Reports, monthly updates
- Insurance Department: Pharmacy Premium Impact Reports, annual
Vermont Resources
- Vermont S 216/Act 165, requires Vermont Medicaid to report its top spend drugs, enacted June 2, 2016
- Vermont S 92/Act 193, expanded Vermont’s existing drug transparency program to include health plans with more than 5,000 lives covered and manufacturers, enacted May 30, 2018
- Green Mountain Care Board: Prescription Drug Transparency – Act 165 & 193 website
- Green Mountain Care Board: Impact of Prescription Drug Costs on Health Insurance Premiums, annual report
- Department of Vermont Health Access: Pricing Transparency Drug Lists and Methodology, annual reports on top 10 drugs by wholesale acquisition cost and net cost
- Department of Vermont Health Access: Insurer Top-Spend Drug Lists, annual reports from BCBSV and MVP
- Office of the Attorney General: Prescription Drug Cost Transparency-Manufacturer and Health Insurer Annual Reporting Website
- Office of the Attorney General: Prescription Drug Cost Transparency, annual reports, 2016-2022
Virginia Resources
- Virginia HB 2007, enacted March 24, 2021
- Virginia HB 2375, enacted March 21, 2025
- Virginia Department of Health: 12VAC5-219 Prescription Drug Price Transparency Regulations; Jan. 17, 2022
- Virginia Health Information: Transparency Data Dashboard
Washington Resources
- Washington HB 1224/Chapter 334, enacted May 9, 2019
- Washington Health Care Authority: Prescription Drug Cost Transparency Website
- Washington Health Care Authority: Prescription Drug Price Transparency Program, annual report
West Virginia Resources
- West Virginia SB 689, enacted March 7, 2020
- State Auditor’s Office: Pharmaceutical Manufacturer/Health Benefit Plan Issuer Transparency Report
NASHP Resources
NASHP State-Only Resources
States wishing to access state-only resources on implementing drug price transparency programs can contact Katie Graves at kgraves@nashp.org.